Early Bird Registration Extended
Kelly Smith December 13th, 2008
The deadline for Early Bird Registration has been extended to December 22. Click here to register.
Early Bird Registration Extended
T-Shirt Design Winner
Kelly Smith November 25th, 2008
Congratulations to Jill Emery from UT-Austin for her excellent t-shirt design entry, and thanks to all of you who voted!
T-shirt Voting Day!
Bonnie Tijerina November 18th, 2008
Today we posted 5 t-shirt designs for ER&L ‘09. You will have the opportunity to vote on one or more of your favorites.
You can only vote once, of course - to do so click on the “Yea” next to the design.
T-SHIRT DESIGN - VOTE 11/18
Ranti Junus November 17th, 2008
Now is your chance to choose a design for the ER&L Conference t-shirt design. On Tuesday, 11/18, go to the ER&L Forum blog and vote on your favorite design.
General Schedule
Ranti Junus November 10th, 2008
We posted a general schedule so you can make flight arrangement:
http://www.electroniclibrarian.org/erlwiki/Program
Monday, February 9, 2009
- 9am - 5pm: Preconferences
- 6pm - 8pm: UCLA Library Welcome Reception
Tuesday, February 10, 2009:
- 9am - 5pm Full day of sessions
- 5pm - 7pm: Sponsors’ Reception
Wednesday, February 11, 2009:
- 9am - 5pm: Full day of sessions
Thursday, February 12, 2009:
- 9am - noon: Half day of sessions
Election day results
Bonnie Tijerina November 3rd, 2008
In case you didn’t catch them, we had great turnout - a good sign for tomorrow! Here are the results - the top 10 are above the cut. The final presentation schedule will be coming out soon! Thanks to everyone for participating to keep it real.
ER&L ‘09 Session Previews & Election Day 10/23
Bonnie Tijerina October 23rd, 2008
In celebration of the democratic process and this important election year, make your voice heard by voting for sessions you would like to see at the ER&L Conference.
Today we posted a preview of proposed sessions for ER&L ‘09. You will have the opportunity to vote on the topics most important to you. Each proposed session will be a post and you can give your vote to as many sessions as you want. You can only vote for a proposal once, of course - to do so click on the “Yea” next to the proposal you wish to see at ER&L.
The responses will help the ER&L Program Planning group finalize our schedule. Think of it as practice for November 4th!
The Seismology of Google Scholar: Does Google Scholar Rock Your world?
Kelly Smith October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
The entrance of Google Scholar onto the academic scene in 2005 was not necessarily welcomed by librarians. But patron’s discovered Google Scholar’s ease of use. Without focus group or behavioral research, the data from SFX, catalog proxy table and ILLiad can build a pattern of patron use for Google Scholar.
Let’s Stop Talking About Repositories: A Study in Perceived Use-Value, Communication and Publishing Services
Kelly Smith October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
This talk will focus on the CDL’s current, three-pronged effort to articulate and provide innovative digital publishing services to the UC community at large. Beginning with a demo of the dramatic overhaul of eScholarship’s publishing and access interfaces, we will then explore the particulars of our explicit outreach and marketing campaign to the campuses (a campaign that necessarily focuses on unique categories of users by discipline, by rank, by depositor/end user status) and end with a discussion of the exciting developments in our recent efforts to establish and implement a shared services model publishing program with the University of California Press. Throughout this discussion, we will consider how the very notion of the “success” of a repository must be embedded in an awareness of its own irrelevance. In other words, a repository is merely a platform. Its success lies not in its population of objects but rather in its ability to serve the research and teaching needs of its scholarly communities. If that means that we stop talking about “repositories” altogether, so much the better.
Square peg, round hole: Understanding and mapping ILL terms to ERM fields
Kelly Smith October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
Interlibrary loan (ILL) clauses in licenses are remarkably vague and can be difficult to translate into predetermined fields within e-resource management systems. This presentation will present a range of ILL clauses and discuss how these were matched to the fields in SerialsSolutions 360 Resource Manager and a homegrown system for intra-consortium sharing.
In Perpetuity: Institutional and Implementation Challenges with Electronic Resources Librarianship
Kelly Smith October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
The Electronic Resources Librarian role has quickly surpassed expectations as our organization experiences exponential growing pains with its electronic collection. We will discuss the infrastructure necessary for efficient electronic resources management, workflow successes and challenges, and areas in which we strive to improve in providing seamless user access.
Embedding Librarianship in Content Management Systems: Examples with Sakai
Kelly Smith October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
Sakai is an open source content management system learning institutions are using to integrate users and content with the classroom into an online environment. The majority of online content for course instruction is housed and used in these environments and it is a logical step for libraries to begin implementing the technology to disseminate information and create relationships with users.
Confronting eShock: Electronic Resource Management and Organizational Change
Kelly Smith October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
Staff of the University of New Mexico Libraries confront eShock as a suite of e-resource tools are implemented simultaneously. Presenters discuss lessons learned from integrating ERM, federated search, link resolver, and eBook management and its impact throughout the organization on workflow, interdepartmental collaboration, staff training, and user perceptions and success.
Creating and maximizing the use of usage stats
Kelly Smith October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
This presentation illustrates an online A-Z usage statistics web site at Arizona State University Libraries and how usage reports are gathered, stored and made accessible to decision makers. Furthermore, details about creating a usage web site and the challenges one may encounter. Additionally, potential uses and future plans are discussed.
Migrating Digital Collections
Kelly Smith October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
Locally digitized collections have now been around long enough that they may need to move to new interfaces and be reshaped for today?s technology. In addition, many collections are originally built outside the library and need to migrate into a more controlled environment. Migrating such content needs to be carefully thought through so that nothing is lost in the process. This presentation will cover the experiences of staff at the University of Iowa Libraries moving several collections to asset management systems.
One-stop eContent management from OCLC
Kelly Smith October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
Simplified access to your library’s eContent increases user satisfaction and saves staff time. OCLC’s introduction of integrated access to multiple eContent formats on a single platform, single-search access to local and licensed collections through WorldCat Local and single-click access to eAudiobooks through the NetLibrary Media Center deliver faster, easier access to eContent than most current models.
Your vendor as BFF: How your vendor can consult and collaborate for success
Kelly Smith October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
The proliferation of e-resources has created challenges for libraries and vendors. Vendors have had to grow and adapt to the new electronic environment, new opportunities and new needs of their customers. Considering your serials/e-resources vendor as partner and consultant provides opportunities for these two entities to help each other.
Workflow design for cataloging digital spoken word recordings: a comparative study
Kelly Smith October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
This paper will describe and evaluate three different workflows currently in use for cataloging digital spoken word recordings. These three workflows involve different levels of participation of student employees, content creators/donors, and cataloging staff.
Library as Publisher? Yes. Successful Publishing Strategies within the IR.
Kelly Smith October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
Universities are currently seeking to develop institutional publishing strategies. Several recent reports confirm the library’s emerging role as publisher. But to date, we haven’t seen much work on best practices for actually establishing successful library publishing initiatives. One approach that is working for several Digital Commons users is publishing within the repository framework.
Incenting faculty to participate in the IR with value-added services
Kelly Smith October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
Faculty respond to services that meet their research and teaching needs. Digital Commons libraries are successfully providing value-added services that engage their faculties with the IR. Librarians are finding that these new opportunities for collaboration fill the IR, serve their faculty, and lead to innovations in scholarly communications.
Role of Librarians in Promotion of e- Resources in Health Science Libraries in India
Kelly Smith October 22nd, 2008
Proposed abstract:
The objective of the research paper was to know the librarian’s role in the promotion of e-resources for the patient care, learning, teaching and research for the medical professionals in Indian Health Science Libraries (IHSL). In the present era, the abundance of information is available in the form of e-resources such as e-books, e-journals, online databases, reference works, back files and internet. E-resources have become an integral part of the libraries due to prohibitive publishing cost, easy management, quick access and changing attitude of the users. The advent of the Internet and e-resources has brought many opportunities and challenges in the provision of library & information services in the health science libraries worldwide. This paper looks at some ways and means to promote e-resources, making these important collections more visible, accessible, useful and relevant to the medical professionals. It was concluded that majority of the medical professionals of Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, (PGIMER) Chandigarh were very much inclined to use e-resources and they are well aware of e-resources made available by the Institutes Library in their day to day clinical practice. The study aims at ascertaining the e-resources literacy among the users and to the information providers. The paper recognizes the challenges that Librarians face in their endeavour to satisfy the users’ needs in the revolution of e-resources.
Holistic Budgeting to Improve Electronic Resources and Services
Kelly Smith October 22nd, 2008
Proposed abstract:
A library must reorganize its budget and collections to successfully implement a more effective array of electronic resources and services. Libraries traditionally have relied upon allocation formulas and structured budget accounts to make purchasing decisions. This session describes a “holistic” approach to budgeting as a starting point for collection development.
The Future of the Subscription Agent: The Agents Role in Providing Innovative E-Licensing Tools
Kelly Smith October 22nd, 2008
Proposed abstract:
Electronic resources are becoming dominant in the library community, and with e-subscriptions comes diverse electronic licensing needs. Various publishers currently require different e-licenses for every subscriber making the management and maintenance of licenses complicated and tedious. Tracking numerous licenses is time consuming; one small piece of missing information could negatively impact the rights of an organization?s subscribed content. As libraries face these challenges they are turning to their subscription agents for help. Our panel, a librarian and subscription agent, will examine these concerns and discuss what services an agent can provide in order to assist the librarian in effectively tracking, managing, maintaining, collecting, integrating and accessing important licensing data.
E-resources in India: A case study of Bangalore University
Kelly Smith October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
This paper will see how libraries in a developing country like India are responding to a changing information scenario. Research will be conducted on Bangalore university library and its affiliate institutions to study about providing access to e-resources to its users and some of the problems to access e-resources
Finding our Direction: Towards Establishing E-Journal Workflow Best Practices
Kelly Smith October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
Libraries struggle to find efficient ways to handle the complex and innumerable details now a regular part of the work of connecting users to resources. Survey results of current practices and a literature review will be offered to help libraries keep pace with the challenges of acquiring and maintaining e-journals.
Electronic Resources To Go
Ranti Junus October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
Students and faculty are always on the go. Our collections need to be available to them when and where they need them. Join us to discuss how we can provide electronic resources to mobile users. We’ll cover issues from selection to cataloging to presentation to your users.
Using the LibX Edition Builder & Marketing your LibX Edition
Ranti Junus October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
LibX (http://libx.org) editions are currently offered by over 480 libraries worldwide . This pre-conference workshop is designed to demonstrate features of the LibX Edition Builder and how to market a LibX edition once it?s available for users.
“And Who Will Help Me Cut the Wheat?” - Organizing Workflow with Vendor Resources
Ranti Junus October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
Incorporating e-resources into the workflow of managing print subscriptions requires staff to adapt to new tasks unique to e-journals. The transition can be facilitated by using familiar resources. EBSCO’s subscription management system enables the library to process both print and electronic materials with the same staff using familiar resources.
Getting to Know You: A Model for Re-integrating Print and Electronic Workflow
Bonnie Tijerina October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
Splitting print and electronic resources processing was a good idea for the SUNY Buffalo Libraries in 2005. Over time, however, inevitable staffing changes resulted in workflow imbalances. How to put them back together again? Drawing on organizational change techniques, we employed a systematic approach to determining whether and how to re-integrate workflow.
The Problem of Where to Start
Ranti Junus October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
University students at all academic levels are confronted with numerous access points within the library that are non-intuitive, esoteric or just plain confusing. To compound the problem, the number and type of library resources are growing and the library?s current search tools do not reflect user expectations of a Google-like unified search experience. The fractured search experience is problematic also for technologists who must support these disparate systems and attempt to create a uniform experience for library researchers.
This talk will explore the issues related to academic search and discovery, the results of our research into what makes and breaks a quality research experience, and the challenges of providing the highest quality search experiences to a new generation of academic researchers. This talk will also examine solutions that will enable library technology personnel to provide and support a quality search experience for academic researchers on campus.
Leaping Before Looking: Implementing an Electronic Resource Management System in Three Days
Bonnie Tijerina October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
This presentation will explain how (not) to implement an ERM in three days. Using every problem as a learning moment, the speaker will highlight the trials and tribulations endured to establish a workflow between loading MARC records and coverage data from a third-party service in a commercial ERM system.
Shelflessness as a Virtue: Preserving serendipity in an electronic reference collection
Bonnie Tijerina October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
The reference collection traditionally rewards serendipity by presenting key resources in a compact group. At the University of Manitoba Libraries, reference collection space is at a premium and, increasingly, electronic versions of reference materials are selected for purchase. However, our space saving comes at a cost: our patrons can’t browse electronic reference materials across various online platforms and they miss out on potential serendipitous discoveries. This presentation will outline the problem, look at what ARL libraries offer as online reference collections, and offer possible solutions, including what we hope to do at the University of Manitoba Libraries (UML).
Technostress and the Virtual Reference Librarian
Ranti Junus October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
Technology has created a more mobile and connected society which has dramatically changed the roles of librarians and how they provide services to their users. No longer are librarians merely providing information to patrons whom they can personally and physically interact with; they are also extending information services and resources into the cyber-community. A modern disease of adaptation caused by the inability to cope with new computer technologies in a healthy manner, commonly known as “technostress” is examined, showing the critical role librarians can play in reducing the impact of this disease.
Eat that elephant! Strategies and methods for managing SFX
Bonnie Tijerina October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
The SFX resolver requires administrators to integrate knowledge of library systems and public services. Practical constraints often prevent customers from utilizing rich, complex tools. This preconference addresses three oft-neglected topics: knowledgebase and software monthly updates, appearance of the Services Menu, and addition of local print serial holdings to the knowledgebase.
Towards the digital library: A review of challenges and promises for Sub-Saharan countries
Ranti Junus October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
Digital libraries are a key technology for developing countries. They can assist human development by providing a non-commercial mechanism for distributing humanitarian information on topics such as health, agriculture, nutrition, hygiene, sanitation and water supply. Many other areas, ranging from disaster relief to medical education, also benefit from new methods of information distribution. Perhaps even more important than disseminating information originating in the developed world is the need to foster the ability for people in developing countries to build information collections locally.
The aim of this paper is to review some of the critical information needs in Sub-Saharan Africa and the challenges that face libraries in the region in establishing digital libraries as a way of overcoming the great information shortfall in the region. It outlines promises and strategies forwarded for developing digital library for sub-Saharan countries.
eReference Books: Past, Present, and Future
Ranti Junus October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
What is the future direction of reference books? What types of policies are libraries implementing regarding the purchase of electronic reference books? Are libraries still buying hard copy reference items when an electronic equivalent is available? This panel presentation will summarize a national survey of libraries regarding the purchase and use of electronic reference books by information professionals and patrons.
Use of Electronic Resources in Research and Development in Pakistan: The use of HEC provided digital library - a case study
Ranti Junus October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
The survey method of research will be used to collect data. The sample contains the faculty, students and researchers of three Pakistani university in Islamabad and Rawalpindi region. These universities include Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad, Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi and International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Two out of these universities have co-education system.
Metadata for Resource Description and Access: Essential Knowledge and Skill Sets for Cataloging/Metadata/Electronic Resource professionals
Bonnie Tijerina October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
The goals of the proposed preconference workshop are multifold: First, it aims to look at the critical roles played by metadata in resource description and the access of digital resources. Second, it aims to provide the participants with the knowledge and skills to create metadata item records using major metadata schemes. Third, it aims to explore the application and implementation of current metadata standards in digital repositories. Fourth, it aims to explore tools for semiautomatic metadata generation. Some of the workshop contents encompass an introduction to the various types of metadata schemes such as Dublin Core (DC), the Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS), Encoded Archival Description (EAD), Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), and Visual Resources Association (VRA). As well, it will provide a substantial amount of individual hands-on practice in metadata creation using DC and MODS metadata schemes.
ERMS Implementation: Creating Order Where There is Chaos
Ranti Junus October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
Implementing 360 Resource Manager and 360 Counter from Serials Solutions has been an adventure. Once the software was activated, the real fun began. High expectations, lots of determination and a little elbow grease have contributed to Wichita State University Libraries implementation of an Electronic Resource Management System.
Marketing/Promoting effective use of e-resources
Bonnie Tijerina October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
A marketing-oriented library develops products and services based on its customers’ needs, wants, and levels of satisfaction. Development of a realistic and flexible marketing strategy, a comprehensive plan of action designed to meet the needs of an organization operating in a particular environment, is essential. This preconference session is designed to help library staffs understand how to promote the responsible use of e-resources available, utilizing various advanced technologies and techniques, and taking advantage of all opportunities to “cross-sell.” Embedding an element of information literacy in every training program (i.e., how what you learn by using one tool or e-resources for one subject can be applied to others) will benefit users throughout their lives and ease the burden on staff.
Electronic Resource Management Using Process Mapping Approach
Bonnie Tijerina October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
With the increase in electronic resources, the workflow libraries traditionally employed in print collections is no longer suitable. This presentation introduces a process mapping approach in electronic resources management with a primary focus on consensus building in selection and acquisition process. Details will be presented to demonstrate the creation and implementation process.
Sharing the buck: how diverse libraries came together to share costs and gain e-resources
Bonnie Tijerina October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
In Hawaii, there are 2 major public-private library consortia that facilitate access to myriad of online resources that many of the individual institutions would otherwise not be able to afford on their own. One is the Hawaii Library Consortium, and the other is the Medical Libraries Consortium of Hawaii. This program will discuss two different approaches to the structure and breadth of library consortia in a small state where resources are limited. Each consortium has been very successful in negotiating good deals for its members and, indeed, has enabled many institutions to have access to excellent resources they otherwise could not afford. Both are public-private partnerships of institutions large and small, but that is where the similarities end.
Repurposing MARC records of the digitized Sunday School Books Collection: Metadata Crosswalking, Data Quality, and Semantics
Bonnie Tijerina October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
This presentation will discuss how inconsistent application of MARC fields, mistakes made by catalogers, and semantic differences among source and target metadata elements affect crosswalking MARC records of digitized historical books into Qualified Dublin Core, as well as how these data quality issues are handled through customizing a XSLT style sheet.
The Vendor Role in Acquisition of Electronic Resources: Keeping the Patron in Mind
Bonnie Tijerina October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
Electronic Content is not easily put into categories - the current options include ebooks, publisher fulfilled resources, aggregator platforms and some content available on all three. Christina Taylor from Blackwell will discuss selection and acquisition of electronic content including subject coverage, platform features, purchasing models, and the vendor role in constructing workflows that adapt to the individual needs of libraries while designing the best possible information experience for the patron.
Composing Rock ‘n Roll Stories from the Usage Data Blues
Bonnie Tijerina October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
Don’t sing the blues about your usage data. Learn how to make it rock! We will review intermediate Excel tools for handling and consolidating data. Then we will derive meaning from consolidated data and communicate it to stakeholders in stories that are as accessible as a rock ‘n roll song.
Electronic Resources in a Next Generation Catalog, Part 2
Bonnie Tijerina October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
In April 2007, the University of Washington Libraries debuted WorldCat Local, a localized version of the WorldCat database that interoperates with a library’s ILS and fulfillment services to provide a single-search interface for a library’s physical and electronic content. This session will describe how WorldCat Local incorporates a library’s existing e-resource access methods into the WCL interface and also discusses additional e-resource access services that are not typically found in the library catalog.
Ebooks - From Collection Development to Collection Evaluation
Ranti Junus October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
Over the past few years, ebooks have become fully integrated in academic library collections, but issues and challenges continue to exist. This program provides an overview of the issues and challenges associated with managing an ebook collection. The program begins with an overview of the selection of ebooks, looking at various purchasing models. The second part describes the acquisitions and processing of ebooks. Next, the program looks at evaluating ebook collections and ends with a look at the future of the ebook.
Managing freely available e-resource collections with today’s vendor provided OpenURL knowledgebases: A challenge in quality control
Ranti Junus October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
Many libraries have outsourced the task of managing freely available e-resources to OpenURL knowledgebase providers such as Serials Solutions and Ex Libris. This presentation will evaluate the inclusion of freely available e-resources in two commercially available (and prevalent) OpenURL knowledgebases and discuss ways to avoid potential problems for libraries.
Creating new partnerships for consortial licensing: the NN/LM PSR ? SCELC experience
Ranti Junus October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
Hospital libraries have traditionally had few opportunities for consortial licensing of electronic resources and databases. Some hospital libraries have enjoyed discounts through their hospital system purchasing departments. Others have banded together through professional association chapters, for example, regional chapters of the Medical Library Association. California, which includes more hospital libraries than any other state in the nation, has not had consortial purchasing opportunities outside of hospital system purchasing. This presentation describes collaboration between the National Network of Libraries of Medicine, Pacific Southwest Region, and the Statewide California Electronic Library Consortium (SCELC) to try to address this need. We will describe the goals of this partnership, explore the strengths each partner brings, and results to date.
Methods and Strategies for Creating a Culture of Collections Assessment at Comprehensive Universities
Ranti Junus October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
This panel will look at the different needs and interests of comprehensive universities and will focus on the challenges faced in evaluating collections in three distinct university library settings. The evolution toward more electronic monograph collections, the evaluation of licensed electronic resources, engaging librarians and faculty and the usefulness and role of statistical resources and tools from various vendors are areas that will be considered.
Use of electronic resources in libraries of Bangladesh: A developing country perspective
Ranti Junus October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
This article discusses the use of electronic resources in various types of libraries in Bangladesh. The author also tried to find the problems to introduce electronic resources in libraries as well as gives some suggestion to introduce electronic resources in libraries of Bangladesh.
E-Resources Management: How We Positioned Our Organization to Implement an ERMS
Ranti Junus October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
This presentation will discuss the way in which the Information Services Division (ISD) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) positioned itself to implement an ERMS. Our session will highlight our organization?s unique ability to ?team? across the organization to realize a common goal, develop leadership qualities in support of organizational strategic plans, and by extension support NIST?s mission.
Implementing Enduser-based Acquisition of Streaming Video: The Arizona Model for FMG On Demand
Ranti Junus October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
The Arizona University Libraries Consortium has implemented an innovative approach to acquiring streaming video content. The libraries acquire videos, from a collection of 5000+ available titles, if/when our users access them.
Streamlining E-resource Licensing with ONIX-PL
Ranti Junus October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
ONIX-PL is an emerging standard that holds to promise of streamlining one of the most cumbersome aspects of licensing electronic resources - reviewing licenses and clearly defining terms and conditions. This panel will provide a history of ONIX-PL, what one library consortium is doing to implement the standard, and what one vendor is doing to integrate it into their Electronic Resource Management System.
E-resource staffing in academic health sciences libraries
Bonnie Tijerina October 22nd, 2008
Proposed Abstract:
This paper will look at the number of staff devoted to management of electronic resources at academic health sciences libraries (members of Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries) to determine if staffing is consistent across similar libraries, in a model developed by the author.